It argues that "cinema was in the process of becoming a new means of expression on the same level as painting and the novel. Origins of the movement Īlexandre Astruc's manifesto "The Birth of a New Avant-Garde: The Camera-Stylo", published in L'Écran on 30 March 1948, outlined some of the ideas that were later expanded upon by François Truffaut and the Cahiers du cinéma. The combination of realism, subjectivity, and authorial commentary created a narrative ambiguity in the sense that questions that arise in a film are not answered in the end. Filming techniques included fragmented, discontinuous editing, and long takes. The films exhibited direct sounds on film stock that required less light. Using portable equipment and requiring little or no set up time, the New Wave way of filmmaking often presented a documentary style. The associated Left Bank film community included directors such as Alain Resnais, Agnès Varda, Jacques Demy and Chris Marker. Along with Truffaut, a number of writers for Cahiers du cinéma became leading New Wave filmmakers, including Jean-Luc Godard, Éric Rohmer, Jacques Rivette, and Claude Chabrol. This was apparent in a manifesto-like 1954 essay by François Truffaut, Une certaine tendance du cinéma français, where he denounced the adaptation of safe literary works into unimaginative films. These critics rejected the Tradition de qualité ("Tradition of Quality") of mainstream French cinema, which emphasized craft over innovation and old works over experimentation. The term was first used by a group of French film critics and cinephiles associated with the magazine Cahiers du cinéma in the late 1950s and 1960s. The New Wave is often considered one of the most influential movements in the history of cinema. New Wave filmmakers explored new approaches to editing, visual style, and narrative, as well as engagement with the social and political upheavals of the era, often making use of irony or exploring existential themes. The movement was characterized by its rejection of traditional filmmaking conventions in favor of experimentation and a spirit of iconoclasm. The New Wave ( French: Nouvelle Vague), also called the French New Wave, is a French art film movement that emerged in the late 1950s. Rebellion, New Hollywood, New German Cinema, Cinema Novo, Dogme 95, British New Wave, New Sincerity, Mumblecore Italian neorealism, film noir, classical Hollywood cinema, poetic realism, auteur theory, Parisian cinephile culture, existentialism, Alfred Hitchcock, Art film Jean-Luc Godard, Alain Resnais, Agnès Varda, André Bazin, Jacques Demy, François Truffaut, Éric Rohmer, Claude Chabrol, Jacques Rivette For other uses, see Nouvelle Vague (disambiguation). For the music group, see Nouvelle Vague (band).
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